Everyone Healthy Library
Kidney Cancer
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
Connected health information
Explore this condition in a clear order
Condition overview
Attributes
Commonalityis uncommon
Linked signs and symptoms
19Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
- Abdominal Swelling
- Blood in Urine (Hematuria)
- Cachexia (Weight Loss, Muscle Wasting, Fatigue, Weakness)
- Constipation
- Enlargement of Veins around Testicle (Varicocele)
- Face Becomes Pale
- Fever (Raised Body Temperature)
- Fluid Collection in Abdominal Cavity (Ascites)
- Hair Growth Excessive (Hirsutism)
- Kidney (Renal) Impairment
- Night Sweats
- Pain Abdominal
- Pain Back
- Pain Side (Flank)
- Pain: Abdominal, Radiating to Groin
- Pain: Lower Abdomen
- Skin: Pale, Lack of Colour (Pallid Complexion)
- Visual Disturbances
- Weight Loss (Body Mass Index Decreased)
Linked drugs / medications
1Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
12Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Surgery
3Medical therapy
4Vitamins and minerals
2Minerals
2Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
41These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- Acid Phosphatase Concentration
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP, Serum AFP, Blood)
- Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) Activity Test
- Apolipoprotein B Concentration
- Blood Uric Acid Concentration Test
- Calcitonin (Thyrocalcitonin) Concentration
- Calcium Concentration (Blood, Total)
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Concentration
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration
- Cerebrospinal Fluid White Cell Differential
- Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)
- Creatinine Concentration (Blood, Serum Creatinine)
- erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
- Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products, FSPs, Fibrin Breakdown Products, Fbps)
- Fibrin Monomers Test
- Fibrinogen Concentration test
- Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay
- Folic Acid (Folate) Concentration
- Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) Concentration
- haptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Concentration
- Potassium Concentration (K, Blood)
- Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Protein S Concentration
- Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
- Thyroid Stimulating Horomone (TSH) Concentration
- Thyroxine (Total T4) Concentration
- Triglyceride (TGs) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine Uptake Test
- Urine Albumin 24hr test
- Urine Chloride Concentration
- Urine Crystal Concentration
- Urine Estriol (E3) Concentration
- Urine Fatty Cast Concentration
- Urine Haemologlobin (Hb) Concentration
- Urine Red Blood Cells Concentration
- Vitamin B12 (VB12) Concentration
- White Blood Cell (WBC) Count
Biological and test markers
45This visual map uses existing EH database links to show biological agents and lab markers reported as increased, decreased, or associated with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
30- Acid PhosphataseReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y), Male: 8.7–12.5 units/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 2.2–10.4 units/LLinked diagnostic tests1Acid Phosphatase Concentration
- Alpha-1 Antintrypsin (AAT)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 90–215 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.6–1 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (Non-Pregnant, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 5–40 ng/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP, Serum AFP
- Apolipoprotein B (Apo B)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 47–115 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 52–120 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Apolipoprotein B Concentration
- Calcitonin (CT)Reference range exampleAll, Female: 0–14 pg/mL; All, Male: 0–19 pg/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Calcitonin (Thyrocalcitonin) Concentration
- Calcium (Blood, Total)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 8.5–10.4 mg/dL; Birth - 2wks: 7.6–10.3 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Calcium Concentration (Blood, Total)
- Calcium Oxalate Crystals (Urine)Reference range exampleAll: 0–1 Not PresentLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Crystal Concentration
- Cerebrospinal Fluid LeukocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–5 /µL; 1y - 6y: 0–20 /µLLinked diagnostic tests1Cerebrospinal Fluid White Cell Differential
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Neutrophil DifferentialReference range exampleAll: 0–5 %Linked diagnostic tests1Cerebrospinal Fluid White Cell Differential
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Total ProteinReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 15–45 mg/dL; Child (< 10y): 15–70 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration
- Creatinine (Blood)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 0.1–0.4 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Female: 0.6–1.2 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Creatinine Concentration (Blood, Serum Creatinine)
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation RateReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0–20 mm/Hr; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 0–15 mm/HrLinked diagnostic tests1erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
- Fibrin MonomersReference range example0–10,000 µg/LLinked diagnostic tests1Fibrin Monomers Test
- Fibrin Split ProductsReference range exampleAll: 0–1 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products
- FibrinogenReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 150–400 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Fibrinogen Concentration test
- Fibrinopeptide A (FPA)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0.7–3.1 mg/mL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 0.35–2.5 mg/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay
- Gamma Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.8–1.7 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 6–30 units/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 6–38 units/LLinked diagnostic tests1Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) Concentration
- haptoglobin (Hp)Reference range example45–200 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1haptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Thyroid Stimulating Horomone (TSH)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0.021–0.11 µg/dL; Newborn (0 - 1month): 0.04–0.19 µg/dLLinked diagnostic tests2Thyroid Stimulating Horomone (TSH) Concentration, Urine B2 Microglobulin Concentration
- TriglyceridesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 32–137 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 35–155 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests2Triglyceride (TG's) Concentration, Triglyceride (TGs) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine Uptake PercentageReference range exampleAll: 25–38 %Linked diagnostic tests1Triiodothyronine Uptake Test
- Uric Acid, BloodReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 2.5–7 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 4–8 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Blood Uric Acid Concentration Test
- Urine AlbuminReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 30–105 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 10–145 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Albumin 24hr test
- Urine Estriol (E3)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0–60 µg/24hrs; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 1–11 µg/24hrsLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Estriol (E3) Concentration
- Urine Fatty CastReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–0 PresentLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Fatty Cast Concentration
- Urine Haemoglobin (Hb)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–0.02 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Haemologlobin (Hb) Concentration
- Urine Red Blood CellsReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–2 /hpfLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Red Blood Cells Concentration
- White Blood Cell (WBC)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 4.5–10.5 million/mL; Adult ( > 16y): 3.2–10 million/mLLinked diagnostic tests1White Blood Cell (WBC) Count
Often decreased
15- Albumin (Blood)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 37–52 gm/dL; Infant (0 - 1y): 4.4–5.4 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests2Blood Albumin Concentration, Protein Electrophoresis (Blood
- Antithrombin 111 (AT-111)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 90–110 %Linked diagnostic tests1Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) Activity Test
- Creatinine Clearance RateReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 87–110 ml/minute; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 100–140 ml/minuteLinked diagnostic tests1Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)
- Folic Acid (Folate)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 14–51 ng/mL; Child (0 - 16y): 5–21 ng/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Folic Acid (Folate) Concentration
- Glucose (Cerebrospinal Fluid)Reference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 65–85 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y): 50–72 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Concentration
- Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–125 mg/dL; 6y - 16y: 0–100 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Concentration
- Potassium (K, Blood)AbbreviationKReference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 4.1–5.3 mEq/L; Child (0 - 16y): 3.4–4.7 mEq/LLinked diagnostic tests1Potassium Concentration (K, Blood)
- Protein SReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 50–120 %; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 55–120 %Linked diagnostic tests1Protein S Concentration
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 3.6–5 106/mm3; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 4.2–5.4 106/mm3Linked diagnostic tests1Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
- Thyroxine (Total T4)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 6–12 µg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 5–12 µg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Thyroxine (Total T4) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Free T3)Reference range example2.7–4.9 pg/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Triiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Total T3)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 1.1–2.43 ng/mL; Adult ( > 16y): 1–2.1 ng/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Triiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration
- Urine ChlorideReference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 2–10 mmol/day; Child (0 - 16y): 15–14 mmol/dayLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Chloride Concentration
- Urine OsmolalityReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 250–950 mOsm/kgLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Osmolality
- Vitamin B12 (VB12)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 130–670 pmol/LLinked diagnostic tests1Vitamin B12 (VB12) Concentration
Other associated markers
0No markers in this group.
Introduction / full article
Kidney Cancer
Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:
Molybdenum (Mo, Sodium Molybdate) [1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: Weakly in favor (Laboratory studies show that kidney cancer may respond to Molybdenum, however more research on human subjects is needed)
Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence
Copper [1, 2, 3]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: weakly in favor (studies have shown that treatment with a copper-lowering drug may help to treat kidney cancer, but these are early trials, and more studies are needed)
Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence
* www.gradeworkinggroup.org
Summary References
Treatments:
1. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009
2. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/copper
3. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002419.htm
4. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/molybdenum
5. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/molybdenum/
6. Hassouneh B, Islam M, Nagel T, Pan Q, Merajver SD, Teknos TN. Tetrathiomolybdate promotes tumor necrosis and prevents distant metastases by suppressing angiogenesis in head and neck cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;6:1039-1045.
7. Cassileth B. The Alternative Medicine Handbook: The Complete Reference Guide to Alternative and Complementary Therapies. New York, NY: W.W. Norton; 1998.
8. Nakadaira H, Endoh K, Yamamoto M, Katoh K. Distribution of selenium and molybdenum and cancer mortality in Niigata, Japan. Arch Environ Health. 1995;50:374-380.
9. William Roberts and Robert Maguire (1885). A practical treatise on urinary and renal diseases (4th ed.). Smith, Elder and Co.. pp. 697. http://books.google.com/?id=PoE5LAtmJqIC&pg=PA581. , page 581
10. Barjorin D. Tumors of the kidney, bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 2007.
11. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Kidney Cancer. V.1.2009. National Comprehensive Cancer Network; 2009.
12. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/kidney/page5
13. http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/KidneyCancer/DetailedGuide/kidney-cancer-adult-what-is-kidney-cancer
14. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kidney-cancer/DS00360
15. http://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_cancer/page3.htm#symptoms
16. http://www.urologychannel.com/kidneycancer/index.shtml
17. http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Kidney/Symptomsdiagnosis/Symptoms.aspx
18. http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Cancer-of-the-Kidney.htm
19. http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Cancer-of-the-Kidney.htm
20. http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Kidney_cancer
21. http://cancer.about.com/od/kidneycancerrenalcell/a/kidneysymptoms.htm
22. http://www.cancer.ca/Canada-wide/About cancer/Types of cancer/What is kidney cancer.aspx